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HPFS (High Performance File System)

HPFS (High Performance File System) is the file system introduced with IBM’s OS/2 version 1.2. HPFS is noted for handling large file (2 gigabytes) across multiple hard disk volumes (addressable up to 2 terabytes) and long file names (up to 256 bytes). HPFS was designed to get around several limitations at the time in MS-DOS, among them its eight-character name restriction. HPFS uses a centrally-located root directory and B-tree lookup to speed access. HPFS can coexist with the MS-DOS file system, File Allocation Table (FAT), or run independently.

System in package

A system in package (SiP) or system-in-a-package is a number of integrated circuits enclosed in a single module (package). The SiP performs all or most of the functions of an electronic system, and is typically used inside a mobile phone, digital music player, etc. Dies containing integrated circuits may be stacked vertically on a substrate. They are internally connected by fine wires that are bonded to the package. Alternatively, with a flip chip technology, solder bumps are used to join stacked chips together.

SiP dies can be stacked vertically or tiled horizontally, unlike slightly less dense multi-chip modules, which place dies horizontally on a carrier. SiP connects the dies with standard off-chip wire bonds or solders bumps, unlike slightly denser three-dimensional integrated circuits which connect stacked silicon dies with conductors running through the die.

Many different 3-D packaging techniques have been developed for stacking many more-or-less standard chip dies into a compact area.

An example SiP can contain several chips –such as a specialized processor, DRAM, flash memory – combined with passive components– resistors and  capacitors – all mounted on the same substrate. This means that a complete functional unit can be built in a multi-chip package, so that few external components need to be added to make it work.

Systemon a chip

A system on a chip or system on chip (SoC or SOC) is an integrated circuit (IC) that integrates all components of a computer or other electronic system into a single chip. It may contain digital, analog, mixed-signal, and often radio-frequency functions – all on a single chip substrate. SoCs are very common in the mobile electronics market because of their low power consumption. A typical application is in the area of embedded systems.

FileAllocation Table

File Allocation Table (FAT) is a computerfile system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systemsutilizing it. The FAT file system is a legacy file system which is simple androbust. It offers good performance even in light-weight implementations, butcannot deliver the same performance, reliability and scalability as some modernfile systems. It is, however, supported for compatibility reasons by nearly allcurrently developed operating systems for personal computers and many mobiledevices and embedded systems, and thus is a well-suited format for dataexchange between computers and devices of almost any type and age from1981 upto the present.

Originally designed in 1977 for use onfloppy disks, FAT was soon adapted and used almost universally on hard disksthroughout the DOS and Window 9x eras for two decades. As disk drives evolved,the capabilities of the file system have been extended accordingly, resultingin three major file system variants: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32. The FAT standard has alsobeen expanded in other ways while generally preserving backward compatibilitywith existing software.